Bolt and rod nippers



Sept. 4, 1934. J. J. EYRE BOLT AND Ron NIPPERS Filed Sept. l5, 1933 Vu.' Stroe/ump.

MI www @ne 5h Patented Sept. 4l, 1934 PATINT ortica;

nrurestares' BOLT ANDROD NIIPERSA John. J. Eyre, East, Saugus, Mass.

Apnlieation'september. l1.5, 193.3, Serial N0- 689,667

Claiins. (C1. 81-1995 l The inventionrelates to so-oalled bolt and -rod cuttersfor cutting metal, stoeli, andy in thepresent showing, the tool is 0i the tvpefinwhiebtw cutting levers havingvcuttingblades at theirnection with the front ends ofltheltwo hand le,Y

leverage. does not beeinguntil sadhand levers have been closed. into approximately; 5,5. or 6,09 vrelation with each;other.y I,t:is;.tlu1sverydifficult to out relatively large steek: with the; eonven.- tional tools now-used.k Itiszoneobjeot of-the .prese ent. invention, however, to p royideyan improved tool .in which the hand levers need be opened only into substantially; V55. or 60 relation with each;V other, allowingthe. stock toi-heimlich more easily,-

cut. Y

Nippers having transversely- VV-shaped cutting` bladesdo not. cut entirelythroughlargestoelr,H but partially cut and partially wedge' tlrieystoekH apart until it nally breaks; before the; .moet effective leverage ofA handle 1novelrlerlti` has been obtained towarclthe end of: thepoutting operation,v

This break occurs before thecuttlngf edges 0f.' the tool come together. Therefore, itisipracticable to have these bladesr in suohxrelalton that:

they will stand partly open when :the: Ahand-z levers are fully closed. The cuttingbladesfhowever, are disposed insuch forwardly .diverging relation that they will open; suilicientlyrat. their:

front ends to receive theniaxirnuinsizedzstoelg;`

when the hand levers are opened;onl-yfto-about 55 or 60. With the stock-.between the iront ends of the blades, the hand levers are-closed, cause ing said blades to form two grooves inthe stools. The hand levers are then againopened to about the same extent as beforeand the `toolis shiftedy forwardly onto the stock until'the cutting edgesof 'Isaid'blades' again contact .with-the stookin thev bottomsrof the grooves, whereupon the hand le vers are again closed, causing theblades 4vtoffurther cut through thel stock,y These operations are repeatedas many:l times as necessaryfuntilithe stock is fihally'out suiciently deep to fbreak apart` during the last cut, and it willrbe obvious that-i the cutting operation may.l be performed-much more .eas-ilyv in lthis e step-by-step manner, open?.

ingtherhand leversonly into approximatelyrw; relation, than when cutting. with oneoperation sized stockl to be cnt .by the tool,` tobe received necessitating initial opening of said hand levers into substantially 100? relation. In fact, largestool; can be out .with solittle strainA upon the A tool that itis practicable to form the latter of; unusually light construCtion usingv ,aluminum 50 alloy or other relatively light metal. f

The cutting bladesas abovel stated,.ar.e.transr versely V-shape, and afurther aiin of tlleinvention is to so relate the convergingsidesqoflsaid bladesthat whenthetool is shifted forwardly after nioking grooves in the steek',y said blade sides will be free offcontaet withthe sides ofsaid grooves, only the cuttingV edges of' the bladesV bSillg in contact with'the stock, inthe bottomso; said grooves. Upon the next? operation` of-r the,v V tool thereforethese blades mayy more easily V cut` further through the stock.

When cutting relatively vsmall stock, it:A is desirable thatfthe cutting edges. ofthe blades come in-tocontactr with each other, preferably: throughout their lengths but at least atA their toes, when the hand levers are fully closed., A; further object of the invention however,Y is .to proie. vide for Vquickly# and easily, moving. the.- cutting leverswith-respect to; the handlevers, toattainnso this;f 1te sultj..- lnalkother similar'tools, the cutting` edges are adjustedfurthertoward eachv other,` only4 as .saidedges are wornand groundaway. In the k'present tool, the'togg'leis lengthenedior cut-- tingsmall or mediumy stock wherezlessLpow-er is 8b. needed; andlforl maximum size stook which requires more power, the toggle is-sliortene'd,` pro-'Y` viding such power.

With the-foregoing and minor objects in view; theAinv-ention-resides in the novelfsubjeet mattei`A hereinafter described and claimed, descriptionA being accomplished Vley-reference to the accompanvine'draw-ins. e

`Fig. l is a side elevation with the rear ends of; 05 the handlevers broken away, and 4it ,niayhere b e J .statedthat due to the fact that these levers ialways cause thetoggle'eonneotion to exertmaxi- ,mum leveraeeiunen the Cutting bladesthev may bemuehshorter than in Conventionalboltcutiers 10o Eiga isan edge view.` Eig. y2, islalvside elevationv partly. broken away and in,A section showing4 the ois'etfront', end of,

lone Yof the handjleversyr theA adjustable section (if VKthis Thand lever. for.A connection with the rearfend ottone of the cutting levers, .and ithemeanstfor adjusting saidiadjustable seetionto vary thespaeingof thepcuttingwblades. 1 l

Fig. 4, isv atransverse sectional viewvon .lined-me t of Eig. 31u ,Y f il@ Fig. is an edge View of the adjustable lever section shown in Fig. 3.

Fig. 6 discloses a side elevation and a sectional view of a spring washer which is embodied in the adjusting means for the adjustable lever section.

Fig. 7 is a side elevation of one of the cutting levers.

Fig. 8 is a side elevation of one of the cutting blades and its attaching means. Y

Fig. 9 is an end elevation of the blade and attaching means shown in Fig. 8.

Fig. 10 is a transverse sectional view on line 10-10 of Fig. 1.

A preferred construction has been` shown and will be specifically described, with the understanding however, that variations may be made within the scope of the invention as claimed.

Two cutting levers l2 are shackled together and fulcrumed near their front ends,'the front ends of said levers having cutting lblades 13 while the rear ends of said levers are connected by a toggle connection 14 with the front ends of the hand levers 15, all of said levers 12and 15 being suitably ribbed for reinforcing purposes.

Inthe present showing, two shackle links 16 are disposed at opposite sides ofthe cutting levers 12 and are connected therewith by fulcrum pins 17 in the form of screws, the levers being preferably provided with hardened bushings 18` engaging said fulcrum pins. I have shown a construction for a heavy duty tool using center cut jaws but I do not wish to be ccnned to that construction. For side, angular or end cutting, I use a removable, adjustable cutting jaw that is secured to jaw levers differently.

The front ends of the levers 12 are straddled by channel-shaped attachingV members 19 which carry the transversely V-shaped blades 13, said 'attaching members 19 'being detachably secured lto the levers by screws 20'so that the blades 13 each blade 13, decreases from the front to the rear end of said blade as shown in Fig. 9, and when the tool is set for cutting large stock, the

cutting edges 22 of the blades 13 always converge forwardly, even when the hand levers 15 are fully closed, as in Fig. 1. When these levers are openedv into substantially relation with each other, the maximum sized stock to be cutiby the tool, may be received between the front ends ofthe blades 13. Closing of the hand levers 15 ythen causespthe toggle connection 14 to exert maximum leverage upon the levers 12, so that the front ends of the blades 13 easily form two groovesv or nicks in opposite sides of the stock. The levers 15 are then again opened into substantially 60 relation and the tool is pushed forwardly upon the stockv until the cutting edges 22 of the blades again Contact with the stock, in the bottoms of the grooves. A second closing ofthe levers 15 then causes these blades to cut further through the l' stock, and these operations are repeated as many times as necessary, until thestock is suiciently severed to cause it to break apart when making the last cut. Due'to the gradual rearward reduction in the angle between the blade sides 21, each time these bladesY are moved forwardly, said sides 21 thereof; will clear the sides of the grooves previously cut into the stock, only the cutting edges 22 of the blades being in contact with said stock.V

It is thus insured that the blades maymore easily cut further through the stock upon the next op- .longitudinal edge of the lever.

each lever 15 receives the adjusting section or `extends across the front end of. the recess.

eration of the tool. Moreover, the successive advances of the tool bring the stock gradually nearer to the fulcrums of the cutting levers, increasing power.

The front ends of the hand levers 15 are provided with intermeshing knuckles 23 which are inwardly offset from the body portions of the levers, said knuckles being connected with each other by a suitable fulcrum pin 24. Suitable hardened metal bushings such as 25 of Figure 3, may be used wherever advisable in the pivotal connection between the levers 15. These levers carry adjusting sections in the form of short levers 26. These levers 26 are fulcrumed between their ends to the hand levers 15, as shown at 27 and the front ends of said levers 26 are pivoted at 28 to the rear ends of the cutting levers 12, said levers l2 being preferably bifurcated to receive said front ends of the levers 26. Adjusting eccentrics 29 are carried by the levers 15 and engaged at diametrically opposite points with longitudinally `extending portions of the rear ends of the ylevers 26 for swinging the'latter either inwardly or outwardly about their fulcrums 27, to vary the spacing becontact with each other throughout their lengths when the tool is in closed position. When the levers 26 have been adjusted to dispose the cutting edges 22 in diverging relation as in Fig. 1, the eccentrics 29 stand substantially on dead center, and to adjust said levers 26 to dispose said cutting edges 22 in contact, said eccentrics are turned one-half revolution so that they again stand substantially on dead center. No positive locking means is therefore necessary to hold these eccentrics againstaccidental'turning during operation of the tool. A frictionalholding means, however,

is preferably provided Vand vwill be hereinafter described in its preferred form.

The pivots 24 and 28 and the associated structure of the tool, form the toggle 14 and the eccentrics 29 constitute means for either shortening or lengthening this toggle, to effect such movement of the cutting levers 12 as to bring about any desired relation of the cutting blades 13.

When the hand levers l5 are fully closed, the togyond 60 relation, the toggle is never broken sufiiciently to cause it to exert only little force upon the levers 12 upon re-closing of the levers 15.

In the construction herein disclosed, each hand Ylever 15 is provided with a recess 30 which opens forwardly and preferably opens also to the outer lever 26, and the fulcrum pin 27 of this part 26, The front end of the lever orthelike 26 projects forwardly from the recess 30 for connection with the cutting lever 12. The rear end of this lever `or the the eccentric 29,w this eccentric .being also confined This recess 30 of in the recess 30. Twoof kthe walls of. the opening 26' extend longitudinally of the lever 26, and diametric'ally opposite points on the periphery of the eccentric 29 abut said walls at all times, holding said lever 26 against movement -in either direction with respect tothe lever 15, after the eccentric has been turned to. adjust said leverK 26. When the eccentrics are in either vof their extreme positions, they lie against the rear ends of the openings 26 and have no tendency to swing from these posim tions duringoperation of the tool. A short shaft 31 carries the eccentric 29 and is connected with the latter by a key 32, said shaft being preferably in the form of va bolt having a head 33 'at one end and a nut 34 at itsother end, said head and nut being countersunk in openings 33f and 34', formed inthe lever 15. The head 33 is formed with a screw driver kerf 35V, and by insertinga screw driver therein, the shaft 31 maybe quickly and easily turned. thereby rotating the eccentric 29 and causing the latter to swingfthe adjusting lever Y26 about its fulcrum 27.-

A springv washer 36, normally of the shape shown in Fig. 6, surrounds and is keyed to the shaft or bolt 31 and serves to hold the eccentric 25% tightly aga-inst one side wall of the recess 30, so as to preventany accidental shifting of V.said eccentric fromthe position tor which it is adjusted. Friction causedby the washer 36 however, is insumcient of course to prevent proper hand turning of the eccentric wheneverthe tool is to be adjusted for one size stock or another.

nthe present showing, the lever or ,the like 26 is formed with a lateral recess 37 in which the washer 3d is received. 4

It will beseen from the foregoing that a novel and advantageous metal cutting tool has been provided, including unique provision for easily cutting even maximum sized stock, by a series of cutting operations, in all of which the hand levers and the toggle connection exert maximum leverage upon the cutting levers. It will further be observed that a unique and advantageous cutting blade structure has been provided, and that readily accessible and quickly adjustable provision has been made for varying the spacing of the cutting blades as required.

While the details disclosed may be considered as preferred, as above stated, attention is again invited to the possibility of making variations.

l claim:-

1. A metal cutting tool comprising two cutting levers .shackled together and fulcruined near their front ends, and two hand levers having a toggle connection with the rear ends of said cutting levers, the front ends of said cutting levers being provided with longitudinal transversely V-shaped cutting blades whose cutting edges diverge forwardly to such an extent that the maximum size stock to be out by the tool may enter between` the front ends of said cutting edges when said hand levers only approximately 66u apart, said cutting edges being also n r "eddy diverging relation when said hand ievfully closed, the angle between the converes of said transversely V-shaped cutting eration of the tool with the iront ends of said cutting blades engaged with the stock, will cut two V-shaped grooves in the stock, and advancing the cutting blades in said grooves will move said converging sides of said blades from Contact with the converging sides of said grooves preparatory to another operation of the tcoi to further cut through the stock. l

2. In a metal cutting tool, two transversely Veshaped cutting blades andy-means for 'operat-v ing said bladesto engage them with opposite sides of the stock to be punti-ie angle between the converging `sides of said Vsshape'd blades being gradually decreased from one end of said blades to the other end thereof, whereby one operation 'oi the tool rwith the stock between the wideeangled 'ends of the blades will cut V-shaped grooves' in the stock, and relative shifting Aof tool and stock to dispose the latter further toward Ysaid'hand levers in forming atoggie connection between said'hand `levers and the rear ends of said cutting levers, and adjustable Vmeans for lengthening said toggle connection suniciently to dispose said toes of said blades in contact with eachother when said hand levers stand closed, and for shortening said toggle connection suffi` ciently to dispose saidcutting edgesvin widelyv diverging relation whensaid hand` levers stand closed. y

d. A metal cutting tool comprising two cutting levers shackled together and fulcrumed near their front ends, said cutting levers having cutting blades, two hand levers pivot-ed together at their front ends and having pivotaiiy mounted adjusting sections, the front ends of said adjusting sections being pivoted to the rear ends of said cutting leversyand rotatable manually adjustable eccentrios mounted on said hand levers for swinging said adjusting sec-tion either inwardly or outwardly to vary the spacing of said cutting blades, said eccentrics being mounted on axes parallel with said pivots, each of said adjusting sections having spaced longitudinally extending portions which always abut its respective eccentric at substantially diametricaily opposite points, whereby said adjusting sections are held against movement in either direction with respect to said hand levers after adjustment of said adjusting sections.

5. A metal cutting tool comprising two cutting levers shackled together and fulcrumed near their front ends, two hand levers having their front ends oiset toward each other and pivoted together between the rear ends of said cutting levers, said hand levers having recesses behind said cutting levers, two adjusting levers fulcrumed in said recesses respectively, the front ends of said adjusting levers projecting forwardly from said recesses and being pivoted to the rear ends of said cutting levers, the recess-'contained portions of said adjusting levers having openings, eccentrics rotatably mounted on said hand levers within said openings for adjusting said adjusting levers either inwardly or outwardly to vary the spacing of said cutting levers, each of said eccenfront ends, .said cutting levers tries abutting longitudinal walls of the adjusting A mounting and rotating said eccentrics. Y

6. A metal cutting tool comprising two cutting levers either inwardly or outwardly to vary the spacing of said cutting levers, each eccentric contacting at substantially diametrica-lly opposite points with longitudinalfwalls of the adjusting lever opening in which it is received, each eccentric being adapted to always stand substantially on dead center, short manually rotatable shafts on which said eccentrics are slidably keyed, said hand levers having bearing openings in which said shaftsare rotatably mounted, and spring washers on` said shafts for holding said eccentrics frictionally against one side of said recesses.

" 7. In a metal cutting tool, a hand lever having an offset front end formed with pivot means, said lever having a forwardly opening recess near said offset end, a pivot pin extending through said lever and across the front end of said recess, a short manually rotatable shaft extending through said lever and across the rear end of said recess,

, an eccentric mounted on said shaft and disposed within said recess, and an adjusting leverreceived in said recess and having its front end projecting therefrom and formed withV pivot means, said adjusting lever being fulcrumed on said pivot pin and having an opening receiving said eccentric, said opening having walls extending longitudinally of said adjusting lever .and contacting with said eccentric at substantially diametrically opposite points.

8. A structure as specied in claim '7; together with a spring Washeraround said boltwithin said recess for holding said eccentric against one side of said recess.

9. A metal cutting tool comprising two cutting levers shackled together and fulcrumed near their front ends,` said cutting levers having cutting blades, tWo hand levers pivoted together at their front ends and having pivotally mounted adjusting sections, the front ends of said adjusting sections being `pivoted to the rear ends of said cutting levers, and twomanually rotatable eccentrics mounted on said hand leversV respectively, Lsaid eccentrics being engaged with said adjusting sections respectively and being operable when turned to one dead center position to so swing said adjusting sections as to dispose the toes of said cutting blades for contact upon closing -of said hand levers, said eccentrics being further operable when turned to a second dead center position to so swing said adjusting sections as to dispose said cutting blades for diverging relation upon closing of said hand levers.

10. A structure as specifiedin claim 9; together with means for frictionally holding said eccentrics in both of said dead center positions.

' JOHN J. EYRE. 

